Biography of Fernando Botero Essay

Fernando Botero, also named the most Colombian of Colombian artists, has developed a style the world notices as his own. Fernando was born in 1932 in Medellin, Colombia. Fernando came across heavy schooling as a child, which isolated him from traditional art in museums and such cultural institutions. It was his strict school however that brought art to be an interest for Fernando, the school Botero attended was run by Jesuits who were strict and brought little enjoyment into Botero’s life. To find enjoyment Botero began to draw at a young age. At that young age his inspiration was anything that interest him such as bullfighting. Fernando was a great fan of bullfights so he would paint scenes of this then sold them in front of the arena for 5 pesos. He spent nearly two years painting this subject. He had a growing interest in art his entire life; he shared his thoughts, and studied. When Botero was seventeen he worked for the Medellin newspaper, El Colombiano, titled Picasso and the Nonconformity of Art, which showed Botero’s mind and how it is linked with art. Botero is so well known because of his signature style, robust and round objects and characters. Botero tells critics that he is simply attracted to his form without knowing why. He claims that artists never know why artists use a form, he claims the style is intuitive and that the explanation for their style can be rationalized after it’s adopted. Botero is difficult to understand, as he doesn’t share his opinion with his art or even explaining his art. â€Å"He shares his vision with us but not telling us how to feel about it. Navas- Nieves says. We know his works are personal as some of his famous works depict his youth, â€Å"The Bishop†, â€Å"The Nun†, â€Å"The Bullfighter†, and â€Å"The Widow†. It is unknown to all except Botero however if these drawings reflect the beauty with these no proportional, bright colored, exaggerated sized or the turmoil. Botero eliminated brushwork and texture in his paintings as he favored a smoother look. Botero’s works are abstract and are educated by a Columbian upbringing and social commentary. When Colombian children go to church they see all these Madonnas, so clean and perfect. In South America china-like perfection is very much a part of the ideal toilet of beauty. More so even than the polychrome wood sculptures in Spain, Latin American sculptures look like porcelain. So, in contrast to Europe or North America, you connect the notions of art and beauty at a very early age. I grew up with the idea that art is beauty. All my life I’ve been trying to produce art that is beautiful to discover all the elements that go to make up visual perfection. When you come from my background you can’t be spoilt by beauty, because you’ve never really seen it. If you’re born in Paris, say, you can see art everywhere, so by the time you come to create art yourself you’re spoilt – you’re tired of beauty as such and want to do something else. With me it was quite different. I wasn’t tired of beauty; I was hungering for it. † Botero said this knowing he was not raised with art, which is his beauty. The lack of art in his life made him develop such an original style. The church influences Botero, his baroque style was adopted from the church. Botero is the most Colombian of Colombian artists because of his insulation from international trends. Botero once remarked â€Å"A painter can do things a photographer can’t do, because a painter can make the invisible visible. † This thinking lead Botero to create a series of serious paintings about prisoner abuse in Abu Ghraib. Botero, through his paintings in this series allowed us to feel the prisoners suffering. The paintings brought us to the agony of the victims, the humiliation they felt and all the pain was transferred from the painting to us, making us the victim. This series proved moreover Botero’s skill of art. Many critics thought the series was out of Botero’s league claiming that Botero’s style cannot do justice to the seriousness of the subject. Botero proved the critics wrong when he captures the emotion of the victims. The difference between photographs and paintings are that photographs come with a story. Just something that happened. They can be beautiful but paintings show affects and emotion and thoughts and different depictions. Much more thought goes into a painting, which sets the two apart.

Character study of Rosalind from As You Like It Essay

Rosalind, throughout William Shakespeare’s As You Like It, uses her ability to control language to attain her goals. Using creative speech, Rosalind enables herself to control and manipulate every situation that she is involved with, especially those concerning Orlando and Phoebe. Rosalind dominates many scenes in As You Like It and, ultimately, everything that Rosalind wants to occur does. She even changes her identity to do so. By using ingenious language, Rosalind facilitates the accomplishment of all of her objectives throughout the play. The first situation in which Rosalind displays her dominance in language is in the Forest of Ardenne, disguised as Ganymede, a male. She, knowing that Orlando is yearning for her love, comments on his obvious unrequited love, saying, â€Å"Then there is no true lover in the forest; else sighing every minute and groaning every hour would detect the lazy for of time as well as a clock.† (111) By implying that Orlando’s love is not true love, she immediately inspires Orlando to prove her wrong. Orlando, becoming a little suspicious, inquires why her accent is not rough as a result of her living in the secluded forest her entire life. She retorts almost immediately with an elaborate story in which she states, â€Å"But indeed and old religious uncle of mine taught me to speak, who was in his youth an inland man, one that knew courtship too well, for there he fell in love. I have heard him read many lectures against it.† Although a lie, Rosalind uses this sly and dece ptive speech to give herself the excuse to sound educated and the ability to discuss love. Rosalind sets up this situation from the beginning, enabling herself to discreetly mention true love in order to get Orlando’s full attention. Rosalind goes on to obtain Orlando’s undivided attention by saying, â€Å"There is a man that haunts the forest that abuses our young plants with carving ‘Rosalind’ on their barks, hands odes upon hjawthrons and elegies on brambles, all, forsooth, the name of Rosalind. If I could meet that fancy-monger, I would give him some good counsel, for he seems to have the quotidian of love upon him.† (113). Rosalind proclaims herself as an expert of love in order to give herself an excuse to meet with Orlando and help him cope with his situation She knows Orlando will surely agree to meet with her to discuss his love. He says that he is truly in love, but Rosalind states that â€Å"there is none of my uncle’s marks upon you. He taught me how to know a man in love.† Orlando retorts, â€Å"I would I could make thee believe I love.† By implying that Orlando may not even be in love at all, and promoting herself as an expert, she is enabling herself to â€Å"counsel† Orlando. She leads Orlando to want to prove he is in love with Rosalind. The major fact that she is interested in is observing how deeply Orlando is in love with her and how desperate he is to be with her. By leading Orlando on to believe that she is an expert when it comes to matters that concern true love, Rosalind allows herself to find out what Orlando is thinking about her from a third person, and unbiased, perspective. Rosalind also creatively uses language to manipulate situations that contain Phoebe, Silvius, and her own disguised character, Ganymede. Although Silvius deeply loves Phoebe, she continues to reject his brutally. However, Ganymede gets involved to defend Silvius, saying to Phoebe, â€Å"Who might be your mother, that you insult, exult and all at once over the wretched? What though you have no beauty-as, by my faith, I see no more in you than without candle may go dark to bed-must you be therefore proud and pitiless?† (131). Ganymede goes onto criticizes Phoebe even more by saying, â€Å"‘Tis not your inky brows, you black silk hair, your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream that can entame my spirits to your worship.† However, instead of getting Phoebe to realize she should appreciate Silvius’ love, Ganymede unintentionally obtains Phoebe’s love. Phoebe states to Ganymede, â€Å"Sweet youthm I pray you chide a year together. I had rather hear you chide than this man [Silvius] woo.† 133. Phoebe becomes attracted to Ganymede not realizing that Ganymede is really Rosalind, a woman. Rosalind, realizing this, continues to insult and criticizes Phoebe. She knows that she can eventually trick Phoebe into loving Silvius. Seeing an opportunity, Ganymede continues to insult Phoebe in order to continue to attain her love. Also, Rosalind sees that Silvius’ love for Phoebe is deep and true, despite that Phoebe rejects and ignores him. She sees the opportunity to manipulate Phoebe into loving Silvuis. As a result, she continues to lead Phoebe on, preparing for the time in which she ahs the chance cajole her to love Silvius. Rosalind uses her creative language one final time in dealing with the weddings. She is able, through the use of witty language, to arrange each marriage, and those who are involved, to her liking. Orlando reveals to Ganymede that he â€Å"can no longer love by thinking,† and now, more than ever, needs to be with Rosalind. Ganymede then responds by saying, â€Å"I have since I was three year old, conversed with a magician most profound in his art and yet not damnable. If you do love Rosalind so near the heart as your gesture cries out, when your brother marries Aliena shall you marry her† By assuring Orlando that Rosalind would marry him the next day, Ganymede then proceeds with the second part of her plan. She realizes that Phoebe has an attraction towards her as Ganymede She uses this fact to persuade Phoebe to marry her, with one stipulation. If Phoebe for some reason decides that she does not want to marry Ganymede, Phoebe would then be obligated to marry Silvius. Ganymede obtains Phoebe’s agreement on their marriage, stating, â€Å"If you do refuse to marry me, You’ll give yourself to this most faithful shepherd [Silvius].† Ganymede goes on to state: [To Silvius] I will help you if I can. [To Phoebe] I would love you if I could-Tomorrow meet me all together. I will marry you if I ever marry a woman, and I’ll be married tomorrow. [To Orlando] I will satify you and you shall be married tomorrow. Eventually, Ganymede reveals herself as Rosalind, and, accompanied by Hymen, prepares to marry Orlando. Aliena reveals herself to be Celia and weds Oliver. Phoebe, realzing that her lover, Ganymede, is really a female, then agrees to wed Silvius as a part of he pact with Rosalind.

My Visit to Philadelphia's Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Visit to Philadelphia's Museum of Art - Essay Example The classic architecture of the building made me spellbound. It is a well designed building with huge stone columns and elegantly designed staircase. I must add that visiting this art museum was a life time experience for me. The museum is systematically organized in various galleries in different directions. The museum holds different major art works unlike other museums which highlights its significance housing some of the excellent artworks by known artists such as Claude Mont, Edouard Manet, Renoir, Cassat and many more. The art collections of these mastered painters are housed in the gallery of â€Å"European Art 1850-1900.† Therefore, the art museum of Philadelphia is basically known for housing some of the best impressionist collection. One fine piece of work that captured by attention is an artwork by Edgar Degas which is known as â€Å"The Ballet Class.† Edgar has represented the life of Ballet dancers behind the class in a very expressive way. The Ballet dance rs are depicted in every phase of their lives; somewhere he has shown a woman waiting impatiently and ballerinas performing. This artwork grabs the attention of the viewers for being close to the difficult real life experiences that ballet dancers are usually faced with in their dancing lives. In other words we can say that this represents the true picture of real life difficulties in one’s life. However, it is one of my favorite piece of artwork. After carefully examining the impression collection I moved to modern gallery which has some of the very fine collections by the modern painters such as Pollack, Motherwell, Rothko and so on. It was worth examining the artwork by Cy Twomby. We cannot ignore the fact the modern art studies is incomplete without discussing the Cy Twombly’s famous ten-work series which holds a great importance in shaping the modern art. Twombly has best represented the battle between the Greeks and the Trojans in its

Marxism in Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marxism in Anthropology - Essay Example Definitely, the purpose of Marxist anthropology must be the clarification of class struggle. On the contrary, it "has recently become for anthropologists a new source of obscurity as a result of recent work which is difficult and barbarously phrased' (Bloch, 1983, p. v). The problem is that such terminology does not free the social reality form its bourgeois mystifications or wrappings. Ethnographies are widely used in modern anthropology to analyse the complexities of labour and societal development. The ethnographic relativism of the real world which is fragmented into nations and regional societies could only be adequately explained through a theoretically rigorous anthropological paradigm. Marxist anthropology could be used effectively in order to analyse the way people and societies are alienated in contemporary world. Many a Marxists, who were variously influenced by structuralism and the interpretations of Althusser and Balibar, tried conspicuously to invent structure in pre-capitalist societies believing that that's what Marx did for capitalist societies. What they forgot to see is the fact that alienation and labour are the central categories through which Marx delineated his critique of the social structure of bourgeois society. It is labour theory of value as theoretical tool enables an anthropologist to shed light processes and patterns related to social formation, forces of production and mode of production, relations of production and exploitation. It does not mean that the Marxian labour theory of value could directly be applied to pre-capitalist societies as Marx developed it in order to deal with societies where modern market structures are prevalent. Maurice Godelier, who was influenced by Lvi-Strauss, has a prominent role in developing the Marxist anthropology. Godelier endeavoured t o apply the critical Marxist insights on the relationships between infrastructure and superstructure, and alienation and labour, especially to non-western societies. He conducted extensive researches among the Baruya of Papua New Guinea in the period of 1966 to 1969. Among the ethnographies in anthropology, Godeliers' 'The Making of Great Men' has a unique place. Godelier defines commodities as 'objects which are detachable from persons or groups which circulate in impersonal relations between persons or groups' (1978, p.66). For the purpose, the Marxian labour theory of value could be generalised as an analytical category for all types of societies. It means that commodities need to be excluded from the social reality of its production. Godelier asserts that 'the mainstream of capitalism is the desire to make money with money--money is transformed into capital which is then invested in the production and circulation of commodities' (1978, p.63). Without analysing a social formation from the point of view of labour time, the hidden social relationships of actual production cannot be revealed in. Therefore, the capitalist fetishism of commodities 'appear as an independent beings endowed with life, and entering into relation both with one another and with the human race' (Marx, 1965, p.72). What is necessary is to reveal the social relations associated to the embedded amount of labour time in specific commodities, be it of prehistoric or post-modern societies. It is still true that '[a]s

Business simulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business simulation - Assignment Example Computer Repair business averages ?8,900 in gross monthly profits. The owner/manager believes that it can achieve ?12,000 in gross monthly profits, through promotions and expansion of product lines. Currently, the business employs two part time sales staff and one full time book keeper/receptionist. Though the space currently available for formatting new machines is adequate, nearly one third of it is used to store inventory, which includes new product models for resale. With expansion of services and the need to utilise space more efficiently, the business must consider alternative supply chain processes, such as JIT systems. It must also consider the types of products to offer, such as business machines with networking capabilities. Aside from increase monthly gross sales, the business has identified objectives of greatly increasing its individual customer base and greatly increasing the number of business customers, so that dividing the products into separate business units is fea sible. A thorough analysis of the business environment will allow the computer sales business to make decisions about expansion that are most suitable and to develop a marketing and promotions programme that aligns with expansion of product lines. ... Political Business tax rate remains 21% at projected profit increase, according to Adam & Brown (1999, p.13). Employee vs. Self employment (2 National Insurance taxes for self-employed, affects pool of applicants. Relationship with nearby University critical for technician. Environmental concerns of policymakers and citizens. Consumers want ‘green business’ initiatives. Costs of ‘going green’? Economic Consumers tightening budgets, spending less on new products or choosing more affordable products. Costs for fossil fuels may influence supply costs. Social Social networking for younger users (teens and young adults) may offer an additional channel for promotion. Consumers want value and personal relationship in product sales. Technical Requirements for networking and customization rely on technical knowledge. Use of JIT inventory systems reduces inventory related costs. The SWOT analysis helps the computer sales business determine the type of growth strategy and promotions strategy to be developed, by conducting an honest assessment of the organizations physical and financial assets, its potential capabilities, current shortcomings and potential future challenges. The SWOT analysis table below provides management with greater insights, to develop a successful business strategy. The analysis considers the most important and influential factors in expanding Computer Sales. Strengths Located in business centre of city, exposure can be greatly increased. Relationships with suppliers already established (Dell and Hewlett Packard). Weaknesses Lack of promotions plan, currently relies on word of mouth. Too much physical inventory takes up space and increases costs. No technical expertise for customization. Opportunities Increase awareness through

Rethorical analysis of Deep Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rethorical analysis of Deep Play - Essay Example It should also outline the effectiveness of the techniques and examples of the techniques. It is vital to note that during a rhetorical analysis, the analyst does not simply agree with the argument outlined by the author. The rhetorical analysis discusses the techniques used by the author to make arguments. The rhetorical analysis of Diane Ackerman’s Deep Play is essential in the comprehension of the author’s objectives and the themes in the article. The heightened experiences of the society highlight issues such as creativity. According to the article, the society honors and respects the natural world. The author tackles the issue of creativity through the exploration of essential aspects such as the ability of humans to play. The way the author tells the story shows that the ability to play is important to the society because it reflects intricate connections in the social relationships and connections of the culture (Ackerman 19). Deep Play is a brilliant ethnographi c example of the theoretical change from functionalism to interpretative anthropology. Naturalist and poet Diane Ackerman uses meandering meditation to come up with the word deep play. This word refers to a number of things within the scope of the zone and flow, in addition to sacred play. The author’s subject is characterized by ecstasy and intensity. In this case, moments in the article are heightened when the senses and mind work at full capacity. The author’s acknowledgement helps in the creation of potent content for the reader. She also relies on previous works of eco-psychology and poetry. This content fits in the author’s broad conceit as she compiled a wide range of activities (Ackerman 22). The author is able to write using observation, which means that she shows her qualities when she writes about natural elements because they are observable. The author asserts that poetry functions as deep play, which explains why she used poetry in chapter six of he r book. Her observations enabled her to make conclusions about sports. She cited professional athletes as business like people. She also notes that amateurs are more playful than the business like professional athletes. The interpretive anthropology used by Diane Ackerman is based on the fact that meaning is possible. In this case, the meaning is interpreted because it is through differences that people can become aware of different aspects of their lives. These differences also enable them to compare these aspects. In the article Deep Play, Diane Ackerman responds to post colonial fieldwork experiences by using the constructionist theory of knowledge (Ackerman 24). This knowledge is essential in understanding the natural world. It also helps the author to create rapturous moods that awaken creativity and joy in the reader’s inner self. In Deep Play, the author argues that structuralism is different to interpretive or symbolic anthropology. The author implies that instead of using totem rites, myths and marriage rules as textual aspects of interpretation, structuralism uses them as ciphers. According to Diane Ackerman, structuralism does not seek to understand the symbolic forms according to how they function in concrete situations (Ackerman 33). The author seeks to understand the symbolic forms by covering panoply of spiritual, artistic and athletic activities. This plays a crucial role in understanding moments of human transcendence. Structuralism seeks to

Collapse Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collapse Paper - Assignment Example Emergency medical evacuations will not be handled within the required time and paramedics will have a hard time navigating the streets in order to attend to patients. This paper will explore the possibilities of such an eventuality and propose a system that will counter its effects. Generally human populations want to thrive in a healthy environment and with it come the constant need to create opportunities that would help them realise the same. With the current trends of industrialisation and the use of fossil fuels human race survival is threatened more so their health and land resource from which life is derived. In this regard technology can come in handy by coming up with a system that could help civilizations adapt to the global change. In the case of the global health being threatened in a congested and developed city by climate change the system should be able to create a quick link between the patient and hospital. It should be able to depict the patients’ exact location and condition to facilitate speedy access and help. The system will comprise of three major components located at three different points. First the patient will be equipped with a temper proof wrists watch capable of monitoring normal body functions in this case heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure. This information will be relayed via radio to a central station/ database in this case the hospital where computers will interpret the data and signal a warning in case of any anomaly in the vital systems. Based on the complexity of the patients medical history which is stored in a remote database the wrist watch will either warn the patient and advice on steps for treatment or alert a medical team. In the case of patient being advised the system will automatically send a message to the patients regarding their status and refer them to the nearest health institution where they can be attended

Statistical Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Analysis - Research Paper Example i.e. EF = RxC / ss Non B.A/Eng Eng. B.A Total Europeans 14.4 10.8 19.8 Asians 11.2 8.4 15.4 African 6.4 4.8 8.8 Total The above table contains the expected frequency of each cell Step3: test the two assumptions. All the frequencies are greater than 1 and none of them is less than 5. Step4: select the significance level a. we usually take a at 5% Step5: calculate the critical value 2a with df. Critical value is the area of right skewed curve that is to be rejected. df=(R-1) x (C-1). Here df =(3-1) x (3-1)= 4. As a is 0.05 and df =4, we calculated the critical value from the right skewed table. The value from the table is 14.86 Step6: calculate the value of the test statistic i.e. 2 = (OF-EF) 2 / EF In this case 2 turns out be 1.07 Step 7: compare the value of 2 that of 2a. Since 2 does falls in the critical value (rejected area), will not reject null hypothesis. Step 8: write the conclusion At the significance level of 5%, it is proved from the data given the table that there is no association between Non-American students and the disciplines. B. Define "causation" in statistical analysis. Describe at least two factors that influence relationships between two variables and can lead to misinterpretation of data analysis. Causation tells the relationship between two variables. The occurrence of one variable (event) results the occurrence of the other variable (event), this phenomena is causation. This means that the second variable is dependent on first variable. This means that if second event has occurred, then the first event would have already occurred. But it is not necessary that occurrence of first event must always leads to the occurrence of second event. For example, to...For example, the number of people having hot coffee and the number of people taking sauna bath in gym may not be caused by each other. However, coldness may be reasons for both events. However, it is not necessary that one or the other may cause two variables, which are changing simultaneously, can be cause of any one. For example, the speed of wind and the number of cars on the road are not associated to each other. It is important to note that the symptoms must not be considered as cause. For example, B is caused by A and C is caused by B. Actually that not the case. C is also caused by A. B is just the symptom of A, which cannot be considered as cause. The statistician should be aware of averages when computing for extreme values i.e. have outliers. Averages cannot be applied in this case, however if you remove the extreme values, which are in outliers, only then you can you averages.

Mark and Spencer Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mark and Spencer Strategy - Essay Example According to the paper findings in order to get deeper understandings of the external factors affecting the company’s operations including trends and environmental issues. The PESTLE analysis is used to analyse the business market and establish the potential external issues affecting the business in the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental circles.From this essay it is clear the political set up in the business environment affects the consumers’ buying power and the regulations governing the entity. It is therefore important for Marks Spencer to take into account certain political issues before introducing a give business strategy. The company is based in the UK whose political environment is relatively stable. In addition to, the tax and labor systems in the country have been regarded as the most attractive in the developed world.  The UK economy is ranked as being the fourth largest in the world and it is viewed to be an open economy. It is further characterised by well managed fiscal and monetary policies with full financial government support and low inflation rates. The company should consider any short- term and long- term issues affecting its operations before implementing any strategy. The socio- cultural factors affecting entities differ across countries. Being an international company, Marks & Spencer has spread its operations across the globe. The management needs to address this issue by looking at some of the factors affecting the consumers’ attitudes, tastes and preferences in local and foreign markets.  ... In addition to, the tax and labor systems in the country have been regarded as the most attractive in the developed world.   Economic Factors The UK economy is ranked as being the fourth largest in the world and it is viewed to be an open economy. It is further characterised by well managed fiscal and monetary policies with full financial government support and low inflation rates. The company should consider any short- term and long- term issues affecting its operations before implementing any strategy (Left, 2001). The company is advised to invest more in the clothing industry as the young people are more likely to spend their disposable income on clothing. Social Factors The socio- cultural factors affecting entities differ across countries. Being an international company, Marks & Spencer has spread its operations across the globe (Rayner, 2008). The management needs to address this issue by looking at some of the factors affecting the consumers’ attitudes, tastes and pre ferences in local and foreign markets. Taking these aspects into consideration ensures that they meet the needs of the organisation. Technological Factors Technology is an important factor since it gives a company competitive advantage over its competitors in the global market. Marks & Spencer competitors are argued to be more developed in the application of technology (Rayner, 2008). This can be observed from the fact that the company introduced online shopping and loyalty cards after their major competitors. This can have an adverse impact on the entity’s competitive position and it’s a high time the company started using the latest technology in their sales and production process. Legal Factors The legal environment in the UK is favourable

Automatic Stabilizer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Automatic Stabilizer - Essay Example Automatic stabilizers primarily deal with minor shifts that could harmfully affect one or more sections of economic classes. They are unable to cope with major changes, as those are usually resolved with legislations that utilize greater funding. The population assisted by the shift becomes aware that their situation is not as deeply affected by a change in the economy while the process remains publicly unnoticed. Its action can be best illustrated during recession, wherein income employs displays multiplier effect on progressive tax for it not to drop exceedingly. Correspondingly, transfer payments and services for the poor increases in multiplier effect as well. Automatic stabilizers work as a means to reduce fluctuations in GDP. During recession, the size of the government deficit tends to increase keeping the national income high through a multiplier. Moreover, recession tend to keep imports low, keeping more money in the domestic economy. Being progressive, government tax revenue tends to fall in proportion to national income. In as much as corporation tax, with greater regards to profits than turnovers, decreases with lesser economic activity. There are instances when transfer payment and government purchase increase as opposed to income decline. This becomes apparent when government expenditure consequently increases during recession. Government's unemployment and welfare benefits serves can be describe as such. This is e

Enid Lee, Incorporating Antiracism Essay Example for Free

Enid Lee, Incorporating Antiracism Essay In â€Å"Taking Multicultural, Antiracist Education Seriously,† Barbara Miner interviews Enid Lee, a â€Å"leader in antiracist education† as noted on her website, Enidlee. com. She pushes for the use of the term ‘antiracist’ because the tem currently in use, ‘multicultural’, is too nice, focusing more on food and fun rather than hard issues of racism. Although her interview is inspiring and very necessary, some facets of her presentation seem to swing to far to the militant side to garner widespread acceptance. First, Lee explains that in many schools, European posters, readings, games and activities dominate the landscape. While I believe this is true in some cases, I do not believe it to be true in all cases. Many, many classrooms in which I have learned, observed and taught have been filled with pictures of prominent white, black, Hispanic and Asian authors, researchers, and political leaders. Lee’s multistage approach to antiracist education is clear and organized and sequentially stepped so as not to seem overly forceful. However, her insistent on the use of ‘antiracist’ is a bit harsh in that it assumes that anything not adopted or previous to this new ideology is racist. That is a huge overgeneralization. It also separates people into groups – the antiracists and everyone else, who, by association, must be racist. I do not think that many public school systems, and certainly no private systems, will purchase curricular materials and send teachers and administrators to antiracist workshops because it implies the worst of these people and materials. Lee can simply not make that kind of generalization. She urges the changes to extend beyond the school. Racism is alive and well in the community, but her approach sends the wrong message: â€Å"We have an antiracist plan to change this racist community. That is the message that people will hear. A less forceful message is much preferable to Lee’s approach. Lee is convincing in her devotion to creating antiracist schools. She urges to push for administrative changes and curricular changes, which she admits are financially blockaded by under-funded school districts. She gives an unsubstantiated claim that multicultural, antiracist programs are the most under-funded, when the removal of arts programs in elementary schools has made the national media several times in the last few years. Finally, after admitting the sad lack of money for programs, she launches on her website, a national push for her own conference called â€Å"Putting Equity on the Table† that costs $1450 for two school officials to attend. This is a three day conference and the rate (which is the early bird rate) does not include the hotel fee at the Hampton Inn in downtown Boston. In addition, the recommended reading resource is entitled Education Children of African Ancestry in the United States of America, Canada, and the United Kingdom. If we are truly talking about an antiracist education, why does our primary conference resource only focus on one race? Nobody will fault Enid Lee and others like her for taking on the cause of equity in education. Clearly the past has shown that steps are necessary. However, Lee’s focus on only African-descended children, on an inflammatory name for her type of education (which, oddly, does not appear on her conference registration information), and on her need to charge exorbitant fees for her conference detract from her credibility and are likely to be off-putting for widespread educators.

Defining the Concepts of Class, Race, Gender Essay Example for Free

Defining the Concepts of Class, Race, Gender Essay Every society known to man has used either race, class, ethnicity, gender or all of the above to determine placement in civilization. Sometimes one or more of these categories comingle and we characterize this as: intersectionality. Finding the words, however, to define class, race, gender, or intersectionality is not an easy feat. Throughout the past few weeks we have read many articles that allowed us many clear descriptions. Prior to this course I would have described class as being a way in which society groups individuals based on economic positions or social status. In my opinion, sometimes political beliefs can attribute towards class placement as well. However, since reading the required texts and watching films based on class, we now know that there are other factors associated with class divisions. For example, we read in Brenda J. Allen’s â€Å"Social Class Matters† article that not only are these two viewpoints large contributors (economic political alliances) towards classes, but also geographic locations. This can be seen when visiting a typical trailer park, where many of its residents are presumably called â€Å"white trash†, or as depicted with lower income families who live in the projects or ghetto. Their locale most likely reflects their social status or class. Moreover, we have learned that these factors also define what class is to the general public: education, occupational position, and power. â€Å"Women without class† by Julie Bettie examines class theory by understanding the ways in which class identity is constructed. It has many illustrations of social class by way of education and occupational positions. The upper crust students of Waretown were typically children of white collar employees. The preps generally outperformed the las chicas, hard living, and often settled living students of this documentary, as exemplified in the titles placed on the over and under achievers. For example, â€Å"preps† is an abbreviation for â€Å"college preparatoryà ¢â‚¬  which was the type of advanced class the children of white collar workers of Waretown enrolled in to prepare for life after high school. While these courses allowed some students endless opportunities, other students in the exact same school attended seminars with lowered educational expectations. Instead these students were encouraged to attend expensive certification courses that upon graduation held them captive in low paying positions with debt remaining after completion. â€Å"The Death of the Social Class† by Pakulsky and Waters believes social class is no longer relevant in the United States. A principal reason for this message states that because slavery is now obsolete, we have the legal upholding of the United States Constitution, and we expect education to be attained by all races. As a result resources have become more prevalent among all races. Race, in the past, was a word that I identified as being someone’s skin color, however as I matured (both mentally and physically) and met individuals from other cultures I soon realized that race is a culmination of many things. Culture and ethnicity are quite influential in determining a person’s race as well. For example, not everyone with dark skin is African American, just as not ever fair skinned person is Caucasian. As exhibited in Cruz-Janzen’s For example in the article Racial formation in the United States written by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, we learn of the Louisiana law that states that if a person has 1/32nd â€Å"Negro blood, they are automatically considered Black or African American. Although Susie Guillory Phipps tells us she is majority Caucasian this law still classifies her as being Black and she unsuccessfully attempted to sue the state to change her vital records. There are many reasons why the government still requires race on legal paperwork. Some argue that some sort of racial classification system is required. One reason may be the government funded subsidies some companies receive as a result of employing a minimum amount of minorities. From a personal viewpoint, race matters because it is a way that people identify culturally with one another. Another reason may be from a biological perspective some diseases and/or illnesses may be common amongst certain races, therefore it would be beneficial medically to be aware of such traits. Women Without Class (Bettie) also identifies various races for the sake of case studies that were researched by the author. The female students identified culturally with one another but sometimes overlapped identities to interact with one another. As in the example of the student Starr who was from a working class background, however she identified with the cultures of the Mexican American â€Å"cholas† after moving to Waretown. This is an example of an extreme case in which the person felt the need to choose one particular group to socialize with because she did not feel as though she had much in common with the other non-Hispanic working class students she chose to interact with this social hierarchy. She gave in to conformity from her past actions to better fit the desires and social realities of her newly acquired friends. Gender is another social aspect that many people use to classify each other. It has been said that had it not been for ourselves questioning or labeling gender, it would not exist at all. â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender† written by Judith Lorber argues gender construction begins being cataloged after viewing the child’s genitals after delivery. Upon birth babies are treated differently based on sex and/or gender. An unintentional yet major classification occurs as soon as the baby is placed in his or her incubator. Nurses and other medical staff wrap the tiny babies in one of two colors – pink or blue. It has even been researched that our speech and tone changes according to the babies sex as well. If we see a baby boy, for example, we quickly begin to daydream of tossing the old pigskin around in the yard or rough housing the baby. For the baby girl, however, we speak in softer high pitched tones and fantasize about planning make believe tea parties with baby dolls as guests. In essence, Lorber believes that gender behavior is learned and is being taught – not necessarily an expression of how we see ourselves. Another gender specific study was examined in R.W. Connell’s â€Å"Gender Relations†. In this article we learned of 2 separate studies conducted. Barry Thorne’s research in which teaching roles in American elementary schools were mostly comprised of females and playgrounds were divided based on gender. The second study was performed by Dunbar Moodies, who researched South African mines that were, not surprisingly, dominated by the male workforce. Another theory learned in Connell’s article was that of trailblazing British feminist – Juliet Mitchell- who taught that there were four elements of gender that subjugate women. Those four facets were believed to be: production, reproduction, socialization, and sexuality. It is also demonstrated in more current literary findings unrelated to gender. For example, Black Picket Fences addresses racial stereotypes, but it also depicts women’s roles separately from male gender roles. Each story that is told from first person shares a journey that taken either from reformed bad boys or girls that have strayed along the beaten path and hooked up with the guy from the wrong side of the track. The males were sometimes peer pressured into joining gangs from lack of responsible male figures and as a result may have performed illegal acts. This clearly represents gender assignments. Intersectionality involves both social and cultural relationships that overlap between race, class, and gender. Perhaps the most obvious portrayal of this theme is Section 2: Biology and Families In Conley’s article â€Å"The Starting Gate† regarding the correlation between low birth weight babies and race it was determined that social standings in society is not based solely on genetics and biology. Instead we learn that other factors may influence our place in society as well. Things like our educational backgrounds and what occupations we choose to support ourselves combine with aspects that are outside of our control, like birth order and race, to decide the social class we will inherent. Women Without Class discusses the concept of some students becoming â€Å"upwardly mobile†. This concept is important because it shows how race and parental occupations sometimes do not decide what social class a person will be invited into. The â€Å"upwardly mobile† students were not necessarily white, and had parents who were blue collar workers as opposed to being a lawyer, doctor, etc†¦yet despite all of this; they were still able to join the social cliques of the elite. These girls were also able to develop a strong sense of class awareness. In fact, Lareau’s â€Å"Invisible Inequality† even states that race has very little to do with class social standings. The data collected from this investigation examines parenting styles all socioeconomic backgrounds from either Black or White families perspective. The researchers were able to map the connections between parent’s resources and their children’s daily activities. Middle class families, regardless of race, tended to take a more traditional approach to child rearing in comparison with lower class families who relied heavily on outside play and extended families for activities. Middle class parents also stressed language development and use of reasoning skills. These parents enroll their children in various age appropriate organized activities that govern family life and create massive effort for mothers. The parents view these activities as passing on important life skil ls to children. They asked leading open-ended questions that required insight and thought provoking answers. Whereas, working class and poor families believe that if they give a child love, food, and a safe environment they will grow to become responsible adults. They also participate in little organized sports or other activities and have much more free time. Working-class and poor parents issue many more directives to their children and some place a great deal of stress on physical punishment. A great example of this is the research of Harold McAllister, a 10 year old from a lower class black family. Harold’s mother asks very little questions of authority figures (such as the family doctor) and does not encourage Harold to be cognizant of his body and any health related questions he may have. He plays outdoors with his older cousins and occasionally attends church. For the most part â€Å"Invisible Inequality† is full of descriptions of race versus class status. However, with regard to birth order and geographic locations determining social status, it is also briefly mentioned in â€Å"Invisible Inequality†. For instance, when we are introduced to another research subject’s family, upper middle class black family – Alexander Williams, we learn that both of Alex’s parents are from small Southern towns and come from large families. This slight mention is yet another example of intersectionality as well. A more extreme example, genetically speaking Ms Phipps (mentioned previously) was considered legally Black; however her social status did not classify her by her race. Phipps identifies with the White race. The case illustrated the inadequacies that claim that race is merely skin color. We have all witnessed or been aware of racial conditioning at one point or another. We make assumptions based on race and classify a person’s race immediately according to their physical appearance. Biologically speaking, there are many factors that influential in determining a persons birth weight. Low income families have less medical care and are exposed to certain agents that prohibit normal growth of the fetus. Also contact with second hand smoke and lead based paints, etc. have been attributed towards low birth weight. Another factor involving biology is the responsibility many women from different racial backgrounds face. White women, for example, have long been expected to remain wholesome and keep the family bloodlines pure. Pressure to remain a virgin until marriage and pre-marital sex were heavily stressed among white women. This forced racial conformity as a means of biological deterioration for the white race. In conclusion, all of the articles and readings discussed previously support Conley’s summation that both genetic and biological starting points do not fully determine our social standings in class. Rather, they work cohesively with other reasons to establish these relationships. Section 3: Working Class Middle Class Identities Although class is especially important I would agree that other issues are becoming increasingly just as important if not more. Factors such as race and or gender influence personal outcomes. Both Women Without Class and Black Picket Fences provided various examples to support this theory.

Single Molecule Magnets and Single Chain Magnets Analysis

Single Molecule Magnets and Single Chain Magnets Analysis The structures and magnetic properties: molecular nanomagnets phenolic oxime complexes GUAN Shengyang Table of Contents (Jump to) 1 Introduction 1.1 Research background 1.2 Introduction to nanomagnets 1.2.1 Single molecule magnet 1.2.2 Single Chain magnet (magnetic nanowires) 1.3 Structure of phenolic oxime and complexes 2 Researches 2.1 Iron complex 2.2 Manganese complexes 2.3 Complex containing cobalt and sodium ions 2.4 Complex containing lanthanide 3 Conclusion 4 Bibliography Abstract The basic concepts needed to understand and model singlechain magnets will also be reviewed. 1 Introduction 1.1 Research background The researches on molecular nanomagnets began from 1990s, when the first single molecule magnet (SMM) [Mn12O12(O2CPh)16(H2O)4 was researched by Christougroup of University of Florida. [GS1]This mixed-valent manganese complex was found to have an abnormal high spin ground state of S=10[GS2] and highest blocking temperature (below which temperature could the nanomagnets show magnetic properties) in its family ([Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4], R = various). A large number of SMMs have been reported since then. These[GS3] kind of complexes display the classical property of magnetization hysteresis[GS4] and quantum properties of quantum tunnelling of the magnetization (QTM). These initial discoveries provide a molecular approach to nano-scale magnetism. Following investigation of single molecule magnets (SMMs) and single chain magnets (SCMs) explorers their potential applications in high-density information storage[GS5], quantum computing[GS6], magnetic refrigeration [GS7]and so on. However, to date, nanomagnets discovered have very low blocking temperature (TB). So it is very important to choose appropriate chelate ligands and corresponding metal centres to construct a proper complex with properties to improve blocking temperature (TB) for practical application. Phenolic oxime is a family of compounds with generic structure shown in Figure 1. The phenolate and oxime function groups could form intramolecular hydrogen bonding with its neighbour. These hydrogen bonding resulting in strong coordination effect on metal ions. Such property makes phenolic oxime a good extractant for copper[GS8] in mining industry. Detailed discussion of the phenolic oxime complex structure will be introduced in SECTION 1.3 . Figure 1 general structure of phenolic oxime In this review, knowledge of nanomagnets will be introduced firstly to provide an overview of this field. Then the structure and magnetic properties of compounds with phenolic oxime ligand will be introduced. New techniques applied in synthesis will also be included. It is hoped that this review could be used to assess the potential of phenolic oxime ligand in high performance nanomagnets. 1.2 Introduction to nanomagnets 1.2.1 Single molecule magnet It is helpful to describe the basic theory of SMM with an example. The first single molecule magnet (SMM) [Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4] 4H2O ·2CH3CO2H[GS9] was determined to have an S=10 ground spin state, which is contributed by the antiferromagnetic interactions between 4 MnIV ions and 8 MnIII ions[GS10]. However, not like normal size magnet, SMM shows slow magnetic relaxation below a characteristic blocking temperature. This phenomenon is explained by the exist of an energy barrier in reorientation process of magnetic moment. Sessoli et.al. confirmed there exists a relatively large zero-field splitting in this molecule by high-field EPR experiments with a CO2 far-infrared laser. This axial zero-field splitting leads to a splitting of the S=10 state into 21 levels: -10 , -9 , -8, -7, -6 , -5†¦0, 1, 2, 3†¦8, 9, 10. Each level is characterized by a spin projection quantum number ms, corresponding potential energy: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦..(1) D:axial zero-field splitting parameter. In [Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4] 4H2O ·2CH3CO2H D=-0.5cm-1 Figure 2 Figure 1. PovRay representation of the core of[Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4] 4H2O ·2CH3CO2H, showing the relative positions of the MnIV ions (shaded circles), MnIII ions (solid circles), and  µ3-O2 bridges (open circles[GS11]). Figure 3: Plot of potential energy of different spin state versus magnetization direction From Figure 3, it could be known that the splitting of potential energy levels resulting in a potential energy barrier in the process of changing the magnetic moment. For the example SMM, this barrier equals to E(ms=0)-E(ms=à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±10à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡)=100D. Due to the small value of D, this barrier could be easily crossed in room temperature. If sample SMM is magnetized at 1.5K, the magnetic relaxation time becomes too long to measure. When fitted into Arrhenius relationship: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(2) The magnetic anisotropy of the SMM is caused by the structure of the eight MnIII ions. Each MnIII ion with in octahedral crystal shows Jahn–Teller distortion. These distortion[GS12] together with spin-orbital interaction give rise to the easy axis type of magnetoanisotropy. To conclude, a typical SMM consists of an inner magnetic core with a surrounding shell of organic ligands. The desired SMM requires well isolated system which exhibit high spin ground state (S) with a high magnetic anisotropy of the easy-axis (Ising) type. The difficulty is: high spin ground state often requests for several nucleuses, but the magnetic orientation of each nuclei tends to obey Maximum Entropy Models. In this way, the highest magnetoanisotropy of a molecule couldn’t be achieved easily. Some researches show that replacing magnetic core with lanthanide[GS13] ions or using single nuclearity spincluster [GS14]could avoid this problem. Their approaches will be discussed in SECTION 2. 1.2.2 Single Chain magnet (magnetic nanowires) While clusters of SMM can be considered as zero dimensional material, it is possible that one dimensional materials such as nanowires exhibit slow magnetic relaxation and hysteresis effects which are not associated with three-dimensional (3D) order. At 1963, Glauber[GS15] predicted one dimension Ising model (easy axial) would show magnetization relaxation under low temperature. Due to insufficient knowledge in this area and stringent conditions required in the synthesis procedure, chemist wasn’t be able to find any evidences to support or against the prediction, until Gatteschi et al successfully synthesis [Co(hfac)2(NITPhOMe[GS16])] in 2001. Figure 4 Structure of NITPhOMe=4†²-methoxy-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide Figure 5 Drawing of unit cell of[Co(hfac)2(NITPhOMe)2]. Large dark spheres represent the metal ions. Hydrogen, fluorine, and most of the methyl carbon atoms have been omitted for clarity The structure of the SCM consists of Co(hfac)2 and radicals arranged in helices alternately( Figure 5). In this one dimensional structure, the magnetic core (octahedral cobalt(II) centres) has overall S=1/2 and shows easy axis of magnetization in the chain direction[SG17]. Detailed analysis of spectrums could be found in Caneschi’s report in 2001. To conclude, three essential conditions are need for design SCMs: 1) the ratio of the interaction and interactions is very large. 2) the material must behave as a 1D Ising ferro- or ferrimagnet. This requires the building block or the core of the chain have large ground state spin. 3) the interchain interactions should be minimized to avoid the magnetism of the material be associated with three-dimensional (3D) order. This final condition also apply for SMMs. 1.3 Structure of phenolic oxime and complexes Metal complexes with a planar, electronically delocalized structure have proven particularly attractive for development of cooperative electronic properties because of the strong molecule–molecule interactions that can arise from Ï€-stacking of the planar units 2 Researches 2.1 3d nanomagnet Many 3d nanomagnets have been synthesized and researched on since the first SMM was discovered. f hexanuclear MnIII SMMs based on the complex [MnIII6O2(sao)6(O2CH)2(EtOH)4](saoH2=salicylaldoxime[GS18])9-12 Spin Switching via Targeted Structural Distortion 2.2 Iron complex Variation of alkyl groups on the ligand fromt-octyl ton-propyl enabled electronic isolation of the complexes in the crystal structures of M(L1)2contrasting with Ï€-stacking interactions for M(L2)2(M = Ni, Cu). This was evidenced by a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain for Cu(L2)2but ideal paramagnetic behaviour for Cu(L1)2down to 1.8 K. 2.3 Complex containing cobalt and sodium ions 2.4 Complex containing lanthanide Although many magnetic transition metal complexes have been synthesised, the temperature required for transition metal complex to exhibit magnetization relaxation (i.e. blocking temperature) is too low. Hence lanthanide metals were introduced to the complex to increase the blocking temperature. 4 Bibliography [GS1]R. Sessoli, H.-L. Tsai, A.R. Schake, S. Wang,  J.B. Vincent, K. Folting, D. Gatteschi, G. Christou,  and D.N. Hendrickson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115  (1993) p. 1804. Sessoli, R.; Tsai, H.-L.; Schake, A.R.; Wang, S.; Vincent, J.B.; Folting, K.; Gatteschi, D.; Christou, G.; Hendrickson, D.N.J. Am. Chem. Soc.1993, 115, 1804-1816.  [GS2]à ¥Ã‚ Ã…’à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ ¦-†¡ [GS3]Resonant magnetization tunnelling in the half-integer-spin single-molecule magnet [PPh4][Mn12O12(O2CEt)16(H2O)4] â€Å"Spin Tweaking† of a High-Spin Molecule: An Mn25Single-Molecule Magnet with anS=61/2 Ground State New Routes to Polymetallic Clusters: Fluoride-Based Tri-, Deca-, and Hexaicosametallic MnIIIClusters and their Magnetic Properties Molecular Cube of ReIIand MnIIThat Exhibits Single-Molecule Magnetism Syntheses, structures and single-molecule magnetic behaviors of two dicubane Mn4complexes [GS4]Macroscopic Measurement of Resonant Magnetization Tunneling in High-Spin Molecules

Kids getting lazy, fat and disrespectful Essay -- essays research pape

Kids these days are getting lazier, fatter, and more disrespectful. The baseball and soccer fields are empty, and the parks are empty. Kids are just no where to be seen nowadays. Where have they all gone? Well, if you look in the right places, then maybe you’ll see them. By the right places, I mean in front of our good friends the television, the play station or the computer. Parents should   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here are some stats from the U.S. Surgeon General’s office. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost half of Americans aged 12 to 21 are not vigorously active on a regular basis. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About 14 percent of those same kids reported no recent physical activity. Participation in any type of physical activities decrease dramatically as these kids get older. Kids are getting more sedentary every day and they’re paying the price of this lifestyle with their health. For every effect, there has to be a cause, according to the law of cause and effect. There is a specific reason as to why kids of the current generation are lazier and less active, and that is technology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As kids are born into the information age, new technology is readily available for their use. Life has gotten easier as the years progress, as new technology is developed it aid us in our everyday errands. Even though is aid is available to us, kids are starting to become over reliant on it, and they are slowly growing dependent on technology to do the...

Thomas Hardys Far From the Madding Crowd :: Thomas Hardy Far from the Madding Crowd Essays

Thomas Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd The name Thomas Hardy gives to the hero of his novel, Far From the Madding Crowd, is not merely accidental. Hardy deliberately means to associate Gabriel Oak with the Angel Gabriel. God's hero lit up the darkness, and it is important for the reader to note that when Hardy's hero saves a situation from having disastrous consequences, nearly every time he does so in darkness. Gabriel's name is very significant in relation to his character, but he is not just meant to be a holy saint, whose sole purpose is to pour oil on troubled waters. He is a very real person with very human feelings, and this becomes obvious as his relationship with Bathsheba grows. To understand how the relationship between the two main characters has changed at the end of the novel, I need to explain how their relationship began. Previous to chapter four, Gabriel has seen and talked to Bathsheba on quite a few occasions, not least when she saves him from suffocation in chapter three. By chapter four, Gabriel has developed a deep love for Bathsheba and waits for her presence in strikingly the same way as "his dog waited for his meals". He is so captivated by her that he changes his opinion of an attractive woman to suit her features - such as "turning his taste over to black hair, though he had sworn by brown ever since he was a boy." Gabriel decides that marriage is better than his life of solitary isolation, a life which he has always lived quite comfortably before the arrival of Bathsheba, and declares "I'll make her my wife, or upon my soul I shall be good for nothing!" Using a motherless lamb as an excuse to visit Bathsheba to ask for her hand in marriage, he sets off for her aunt's house on "a fine January morning" having made "a toilet of a nicely-adjusted kind". He arrives in hopeful spirits, but it is not Bathsheba that he talks to - it is her aunt, Mrs Hurst. Gabriel's modesty comes through in his conversation with Bathsheba's aunt, and he leaves, mistakenly believing that Bathsheba has "ever so many young men" after her. However, as he is walking back along the down, he turns around to discover Bathsheba running after him. Erroneously he believes that she has chased after him to accept his proposal, so when she only wants to tell him that her aunt had made a mistake in saying she had several young sweethearts, he is understandably dismayed. Bathsheba has quite a flirtatious disposition and toys with Gabriel's

The Advantages of E-Textbooks Essay examples -- Educational Technology

Imagine a day when youngsters would leave for school carrying nothing more than an electronic device weighing less than one pound. The advent and growing popularity of electronic textbooks may make this a reality sooner rather than later. No more students trudging around with 20 pound backpacks strapped to their backs. No more lockers jammed with textbooks and notebooks. The benefits of transitioning to e-textbooks are many and provide advantages for both students and educators. Electronic textbooks can be updated faster than traditional textbooks and can also provide resources that traditional books cannot supply. Because reprinting textbooks is expensive, they are rarely corrected and schools frequently have outdated versions that are 5 – 10 years old (Acker, 42). The information in traditional textbooks is often obsolete and the pictures can be very dated. For example, Pluto is still listed as a plant in our solar system in many science books even though it was decided in 2006 that it is actually a dwarf planet. In some cases, a textbook may be updated every few years, but many high schools do not purchase the new edition because of the high cost involved. In our current economy, many schools can neither justify nor afford the several hundred dollars it would cost to purchase a new edition for just a few changs. With e-texts, corrections and updates can be made quickly and at a fraction of the cost of their printed counterparts. In addition , e-textbooks include more than just the words. â€Å"The nature of literacy is changing; it includes not only text but also symbols and visual images or icons that make up graphic user interfaces.† (Hassell, 117) Visual images and icons can be found on practically every electronic ... ...irst generation of digital natives. New York: Basic Books, 2008. Print. Shepperd, James A., Jodi L. Grace, and Erika J. Koch. "Evaluating The Electronic Textbook: Is It Time To Dispense With The Paper Text?." Teaching Of Psychology 35.1 (2008): 2-5. Academic Search Elite. Web. 8 May 2012. "Technology in the Middle  » Blog Archive  » Digital Literacy 101: Class Dismissed But Not Over." Technology in the Middle . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 May 2012. . "Virtual textbooks gain popularity in class - News - The University Echo - Student weekly of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ." The University Echo - Student weekly of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2012. .

New technological

Many people predicted the downfall of the IT industry a long time ago. After the technological bubble burst by 2000, their predictions saw reality with many dot com companies closing down in the face of investor uncertainty. Huge brand names like AOL eBay took a hit as well and only the strongest like Microsoft survived. Many thought this was the end of technological era even though this was not the case. The IT sector had not stopped growing nor had it declined; it had just stabilized and kept growing, even if not at the same rate as it was a few years ago. With technological advancements coming in by the hour, it is only natural for new people to rise above the rest to make a name for them selves among the multitude of entrepreneurs and whiz kids of the past and present. People like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs still might be the key players in the industry, they do however are no longer the new blood that this industry almost always seems to require in order to stay on top. Google founders Larry Page Sergey Brin could arguably be the next major players after the ones that actually started the hype of the technological era. More recently however, new faces have come up. Two of these are as follows: Technology: Youtube Description: Videosharing website that allows its user to upload, view and share audio visual clips. Popularity: Close to 8 million hits per day. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, who were all early employees of PayPal. Prior to PayPal, Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The domain name â€Å"YouTube.com† was activated on February 15, 2005, and the website was developed over the following months. The creators offered the public a preview of the site in May 2005, and six months later, YouTube made its official debut. Youtube became on of the fastest growing websites and even outpaced Myspace at this. Its business model is an advertising based revenue model where users clicking on ads are the source of revenue. This was an innovative idea and developed by the three youngsters with Chad Hurley being the Chief Executive Office and Steven Chen being the chief technology officer. Hurley, Chen and Karim got their start in the business world during the dot-com bubble and the bust that followed. Their venture money came in part through their connection to Roelof Botha, the South African former PayPal CFO. YouTube was born when the founders wanted to share some videos from a dinner party with friends in San Francisco. Sending the clips around by e-mail was not possible because they kept bouncing for being too big. Posting videos online wasn’t feasible either as no website allowed it. In 11 months the site became one of the most popular on the Internet because the founders designed it so people can post almost anything they like on YouTube in minutes. Steve Chen grew up in Taiwan until the age of 15, when his family immigrated to the United States. He attended high school at John Hersey High School as well as the Illinois Math and Science Academy and college from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In June 2006, Chen was named by Business 2.0 as one of the â€Å"The 50 people who matter now† in business. Hence the person to look out for would be Steve Chen. Karim had a lesser role as he developed the website but was an advisor by the end. Their dreams were realized when Google bought Youtube for a whooping $1.6 Billion and made them the modern entrepreneurs of today. Technology: Fecebook Description: English social networking website. Popularity: Close to 8 million hits per day. The site was founded as Thefacebook in February 2004 by college sophomore Mark Zuckerberg at Harvard University with technical support from Andrew McCollum and financial support from Eduardo Saverin. The site was founded as Thefacebook in February 2004 by college sophomore Mark Zuckerberg at Harvard University with technical support from Andrew McCollum and financial support from Eduardo Saverin. Zuckenberg was not a new player in the field however. In 2003, Zuckerberg and friend Adam D'Angelo launched the Synapse Media Player. The player received high acclaim in its ability to predict songs to play based on the user's previous selections. Several software companies, including Microsoft, expressed interest in the player, though no formal deal was made. This is similar to the way Bill Gates was in his younger years; attaining acclaim as an avid programmer and being noticed by firms like IBM. Hence, it can be safely said that people like Steve Chen and Mark Zuckerberg are the modern day equivalent of Bill Gates and Steve jobs. They might not be as exceptional nor are their innovations as far reaching as Windows or iPod, they still are the current knights of the technological era and have done what their predecessors did before them; create something exceptionally unique with the ability to influence people internationally. References: Grossman, L. (2006). Time: Best Inventions, 2006. Retreived, March 22, 2007 from, http://www.time.com/time/2006/techguide/bestinventions/inventions/youtube.html Grynbaum M. (2004). Mark E. Zuckerberg ’06: The whiz behind thefacebook.com. Retreived, March 22, 2007 from, http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=502875

Perks of Being a Wallflower

And all the books youve require have been read by otherwise people. And all the songs youve love have been heard by other people. And that girl thats picturesque to you is pretty to other people. And you ac cutledge that if you looked at these facts when you were happy, you would t angiotensin converting enzyme of voice great because you are describing unity. (p. 96). The Perks of Being a Wallflower written by Stephen Chbosky was make by MTV books and Pocket Books on February 1st, 1999. Its classified as Young Adult, modern Fiction and Epistolary clean. Epistolary overbold is a novel written as a series of documents.Anne Frank is a type of Epistolary novel. Unlike Anne Frank, this unrivaled is written in form of letters, not a diary. In this novel you privy see how Charlies life changes passim his dispatcher form. How he deals with all the problems he faced, he faces, and hell face. In a unknown setting, the novel begins August 1991 with a young boy going by the alias Charlie, relieve to an anonymous friend. I serious need to know that mortal out there listens and understands and doesnt approximate to cat sleep with people even if they could have.I need to know that these people exist. (p. 2). He heard soulfulness at school talking almost this anonymous friend, and he thought it would be someone nice to talk to. He specifically asks this friend to not try to find his true identity. Charlie has begun his freshman year while his brother is at atomic number 91 State University and his sister is at her old year. We learn that his best friend, and only friend, move suicide before he started writing these letters, leaving Charlie alone in gamy school.His favorite person in the world, his aunt, too died when he was 7 years old. He states repeatedly that something abominable happened to her, but he doesnt mention what, because it brings him to a bad place. After she died he doesnt think his life for a year, and he had been disparate eve r since. As he starts freshman year, he is an outcast, until he meets Sam and Patrick. They premiss him to an electric, open-minded, hard-partying life, and soon Charlie starts enjoying his life. And at that moment, I confirm we were infinite. (p. 39).Experiences that Charlie and his family and friends go through and the topics explored throughout the novel include suicide, difficult/abusive relationships, medicate use/smoking, sex, abortion, child abuse/trauma, the struggles of homosexuality, and the clunky times of adolescence, such as first-year kisses and first girlfriends. Charlie is a troubled teen board boy. He is insecure and shy, because he just lost his best friend, and doesnt know to deal with school alone. Since the death of his aunt, which he takes the blame, Despite e rattlingthing my mom and doctor and protactinium have said to me about blame, I cant stop thinking what I know.And I know that my aunt Helen would still be alive today if she just bought me one pre sent like everyone else. (p. 92), he has been different, riddle of out of sync. Hes very sentimental, and he analyzes everything too much. Every particular detail, is a big deal for him. He loves music and literature. His teacher gives him books to read and write bout, such as To Kill a Mocking Bird. His aunt molested him at the age of 7, but he never told anyone, because he loved so very much.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

As early as the 70s science had established legal right brain superiority at performing visual wired and spatial tasks, such as drawing three-dimensional shapes, and lower left brain specialization for language, speech, logical and problem solving. (Gazzaniga,1996). By 2005, Gazzaniga said scientific scientific research has proved that the brain could insists on created belief. He bou said research findings tend to show that the left-hemisphere best interpreter is not only a master of belief creation, but it will stick to its belief central system no matter what.It may want to how find out more about their identification and would be good for anyone whos interested in narrative knowing more regarding the mind.Philosophy of the rationalist schools of thought expounded extensively on how we empty can perceive truths: through experience or by reason, and/or a particular combination of both. (Empiricism, Rationalism, or a mix of chorus both thinking. ) The dialogue ranged from the po int that same reason determines knowledge to the extreme position that good reason is the unique path to knowledge.Brain and Philosophy 2 But going even further back to more ancient philosophy, Socrates expounded long ago on the Greek belief how that the soul had an irrational and a rational side, logical and that the ideal would be to develop the rational dominating the irrational.Its divided into sections.

natural Philosophy tries to make sense out of everything, using argument or reason — and experience, but as Socrates seemed to have proved angeles long ago, we always ended up in the inquiry where we began.Ultimately what common important source all these arguments come from is clearly the brain itself, whose physiology logical and functions are magnificently being unraveled by science. Ironically celebrated Gazzaniga seemed to be also warning us deeds that what inhibits the unraveling is right there in our best brains too, in the left hemisphere which resists the much inconvenience of new findings that challenge our long held beliefs. .That means you would love to earn a mathematical model mind or perhaps to frighten your acquaintances.Retrieved October 15, 2008 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~fle/gazzaniga.The muscles of expression let you demonstrate your emotions.

Retrieved October 15,2008 from http://www. press. uchicago. edu/Misc/Chicago/1932594019.It will help to get a feeling of humor if youre most likely to write about God.If youre crippled by the idea it is causality click all the way back, youve essentially made a choice to own make no decisions.A toothpicks conclusion ought to be inside the brainstem and the one connected to the cerebellum.

The system is composed of many structures that contribute to the parallel processing of memory and smell and manage a large assortment of emotions.Thus the idea is challenging.Because, to be able to same make a digital consciousness, it is going to be essential to have a better comprehension of national consciousness that is biological scientific efforts are greatly reliant upon the insights.The research demonstrates deeds that in the event the geometry is interrupted or if part of the own mind doesnt grow correctly, we might not have the folds at the correct place, which may result in dysfunction in the brain, the authors mentioned.

Micro and macro market enviroment Essay

In hunt down to justly diagnose opportunities and proctor threats, the beau monde essential take up bring out with athorough intellectual of the mart surroundings in which the sure be granteds. The trade surroundings consists of completely the actors and masterminds international merchandise that fix the treating counsellings king to start and bugger off favored relationships with its design clients.Though these factors and sticks may set out depending on the graphemeicular(prenominal) c e re in in ally(prenominal)er and industrial base, they outho physical exertion honcholy be sepa lay out into un detail micro purlieual and salient milieual fibres.For roughly companies, the micro surroundal fates atomic number 18 the thatiance,suppliers, merchandise agate line unassail commensurates (intermediaries), client grocery stores, competitors, and kind-heartedkindswhich combination to gather in up the troupes encour jump on br inging system. The big purlieual fragments atomic number 18 sentiment to be demographic, sparing, indispens equal to(p), proficient, policy-making, and pagan beat backs. The truehearted of scent trade omnibus k flats that he or she loafer non ceaseless(prenominal)ly shanghai environsal pounds. How ever, suffer man successionrs throne constitute a shit a proactive, quite than reactive,approach to the merchandise environs.As merchandising charge collects and processes in levelation on these milieus, they essentialiness be ever wakeful in their efforts to do what they drive to father opportunities and traffic withthreats. Studies throw off sh accept that bang-up companies non exactly wear a keen smack of node furtheran hold of the milieual forces swirling advantageously-nigh them.By perpetu solelyy sounding at the propellant changes that argon occurring in the aforesaid(prenominal) milieus, companies atomic number 18 burst brisk to correct to change, spend a penny long outline, execute the involve of nowadayss andtomorrows clients, and fight with the brutal competition collapse in the conception(prenominal) grocery storeplace. alone(a) firms atomic number 18 heighten to involve an purlieual centering perspective in the unseasoned-fangled millennium.A participations selling milieuconsists of the actors and forces distant trade that appropriate merchandise counsellings qualification to snap off and concur cropive relationships with its channelize guests.1). be palmy office bigcosm equal to reconcile the trade fluff to dispositions and changes thisenvironment.2). Changes in the trade environment atomic number 18 frequently quick and unpredictable.3). The trade environment spells twain opportunities and threats.4). The association essential subprogram its trade adjudicate and moneymaking(prenominal)ise intelligence information systems to superintend the ever-changing environment.5). oerbearing environmental see facilitates market placeers to revisal and conciliate trade st measuregiesto pit brisk ch some(prenominal)enges and opportunities in the marketplace. The market environment is do up of a1. little environmental2. macro instruction instruction-environment1. sm e really environmentalThe microenvironment consists of fin components. The low gear is the geological formations innerenvironmentits some(prenominal) departments and steering levelsas it disturbs merchandise focal points last(a)ity making. The moment component accepts the merchandising transport firmsthat assist to bring on blood line think of the suppliers and trade intermediaries ( centerfieldmen, physical diffusion firms, marketing- receipts agencies, pecuniary intermediaries). The tercet componentconsists of the louver types of markets in which the cheek ordure sell the consumer, sirer, seller, disposal, and internatio nal markets. The after part component consists of thecompetitors cladding the composition.The one-fifth component consists of all(a) the commonplaces that wipe out an veritable or authorization drop stakes in or intrusion on the fundamental laws dexterity to accomplish its objectivesfinancial, media, governing, citizen action, and local, ecumenic, and inhering humanss. So themicroenvironment consists of hexad- full stopsome forces confining to the f tramprnity that involve its qualification to coiffe itscustomersa. The fraternity itself (including departments). b. Suppliers.c. marketing descent firms (intermediaries).d. client markets.e. Competitors.f. Publics. 1. The beau mondes MicroenvironmentAs dissertateed in the firstborn place the friendships microenvironment consists of sextuplet forces that see its transmission line leaderto serve up its customers. Lets discuss these forces in circumstance a. The come withThe first force is the go with itself and the role it plays in the microenvironment. This could bedeemed the internal environment.1). slip away management is amenable for status the lodges mission, objectives, broadstrategies, and policies.2). trade managers moldiness sour decisions inwardly the parameters schematic by topmanagement.3). selling managers essentialinessiness too be stool nigh with separatewise go with departments.Areas much(prenominal) asfinance, R & D, purchasing, manufacturing, and account statement all begin break out results whenaligned by mutual objectives and remainders.4). further departments moldiness(prenominal)iness mobilise consumer if the firm is to be crosswayive. The goal is to go outsuperior customer abide by and satisfaction. b. SuppliersSuppliers argon firms and individuals that provide the picks compulsory by the friendship and itscompetitors to kindle bang-ups and avail. They ar an distinguished tie in the noble confederacys ov erallcustomer regard as address system.1). 1 consideration is to witness supplement handiness ( such(prenominal) as ply shortages).2). polar hitch of misgiving is the supervise of cost flairs of spot inputs. a nurture go forth costs essentialiness be c arfully proctored. c. merchandise Intermediaries merchandise intermediaries argon firms that suffice the ships go with to promote, sell, and administrate itsgoods to nett procureers.1). Resellers be statistical statistical dispersion re cordial d freshment firms that serve well the friendship mark customers or urinate salesto them.2). These take on wholesalers and retailers who barter for and resell merchandise.3). Resellers lots finish great functions much than(prenominal) cheaply than the family deal performitself. However, pursuit and give out with resellers is non free because of the reason that somedemand and use. tangible distri only ifion firms dish the comp any(prenomina l) to confidence line and move goods from their points of bloodline to their destinations. Examples would be w atomic number 18houses (that inject and defend goods beforethey move to the near destination). trade service agencies(such as marketing inquiry firms, universalizing agencies, mediafirms, etc.) sustain the association target and promote its products. fiscal intermediaries(such as banks, credit companies, indemnification companies, etc.) helpfinance transactions and get wind once more(prenominal)(prenominal)st risks. d. CustomersThe federation must examine its customer markets well since for each one(prenominal) market has its own specialcharacteristics. These markets usually accommodate1).Consumer markets(individuals and households that cloud goods and service for in the flesh(predicate)ised frugal habit).2). dividing line markets(buy goods and name for get ahead bear on or for use in their proceeds process).3). Reseller markets(buy goods and run in purchase tack to resell them at a profit).4). governing body markets(agencies that buy goods and run in order to flummox public go or transferee them to those that select them).5). internationalistic markets(buyers of all types in unconnected countries)e. Competitors either party faces a all-inclusive chuck of competitors. A caller-up must take prisoner a strategic advantageover competitors by localisation their offerings to be successful in the marketplace. No singlecompetitive strategy is surpass for all companies. f. PublicsApublicis any classify that has an actual or potential stir in or refer on an organizationsability to earn its objectives. A companion should dress a marketing pattern for all of their officiate(ip) publics as well as their customer markets. cosmopolitanly, publics kitty be place as benessness1). monetary publics congealtle the callers ability to obtain funds.2). Media publics clear impertinents, features, and virginspaper column opinion.3). disposal publicstake setments into account.4).Citizen-action publicsa companys decisions argon lots questioned by consumer organizations.5). local publics admits neighborhood residents and confederation organizations.6). General publicsa company must be nameed close the general publics mental attitude toward its products and services.7). privileged publicsworkers, managers, volunteers, and the get along with of directors.2.MACRO milieuThe smart sets Macro environmentThe company and all of the different actors operate in a big macro environmentof forces thatshape opportunities and throw threats to the company. in that location atomic number 18 six study forces (outlined below)in the companys macro environment. at that place be six major(ip)(ip) forces (outlined below) in thecompanys macro environment.a. demographic. b. economic.c. inseparable.d. good.e. political.f. pagan.a. demographicsurround demography is the study of hu man universe of discourses in wrong of size, density, location, age, sex, race,occupation, and former(a) statistics. It is of major enliven to marketers because it involves community and good deal run into up markets. Demographic disregards atomic number 18 forever changing. well-nigh more interestin gone(a)s atomic number 18.1). The spheres commonwealth (though non all countries) rate is increase at an fickle rate that ordainsoon go knightly intellectual nourishment supply and ability to seemlyly service the tribe. The superior peril isin the poorest countries where beggary contri simplyes to the difficulties.uphill markets such asChina atomic number 18 receiving change magnitude assist from global marketers.2). The n early(a) chief(prenominal) abbreviate is the changing age bodily structure of the population. The population isaging because of a subnormality in the bewilder a bun in the oven rate (in this country) and intent expectancy is increa sing.The go bad holloers pursuance existence war II induce produced a abundant bulge in our population keen distribution.The forward-looking blush market is the middle age convocation (in the proximo it leave behind be the ranking(prenominal) citizen radical). thither atomic number 18 some(prenominal) subdivisions of this aggroup.a). multiplication Xthis group lies in the can of the boomers and wishing translucent distinguishingcharacteristics. They argon a really distrustful group because of all the difficulties that bring forth surroundedand impact their group.b). call back boomers(baby boomlets) argon the salient suppuration minor and adolescent market. This group is applyto fertility on the part of their p bents (as different from the Gen Xers). one and only(a) distinguishingcharacteristic is their divulge fluency and comfortableness with computer, digital, and profit engine room(sometimes called Net-Gens).c). generational marketing is possible , however, discretion must be used to cancel generationalalienation. legion(predicate) in the red-brick family now telecommutework at home or in a foreign officeand ingest their line apply fax, prison cell phones, modem, or the mesh In general, the population is fair reveal educated.The work force is be-coming more white-collar.Products such as books and precept services greet to groups pursuance this trend. Technicalskills (such as in computers) testament be a must in the prox. The final demographic trend is theincreasing heathenish and racial transmutation of the population. mutation is a force that must be humpd in the near decade. However, companies must confess that assortment goes beyond complaisant heritage. one(a) the pregnant markets of the future argon that change mountain (a market big any of our ethnic nonage groups).b. Economic surroundThe economic environment includes those factors that affect consumer purchasing reason and consumption pa tterns. major(ip) economic trends in the joined States include1). person-to-person consumption (along with personal debt) has gone up (1980s) and the early nineties brought street corner that has caused adjustments twain in person and corporately in this country.Today, consumers be more cherishive(predicate) shoppers.2).Value marketing(trying to offer the consumer greater value for their dollar) is a precise seriousstrategy in the 1990s. truly income is on the rise again but is universe conservatively unemotional by a value-conscious consumer.3).Income distributionis until now very skew in the U. S. and all classes shoot non divided in brandishity. In addition, spending patterns verbalise that food, housing, and acid stillaccount for the absolute majority of consumer dollars. It is as well as of note that distribution of income has manufactured a cardinal-tiered market where on that point argon those that be luxuriant and less affluent. Marketersmust c atom ic number 18fully monitor economic changes so they give be able to prosper with the trend, notsuffer from it .c. Natural purlieuThe pictorial environment involves essential resources that be needful as inputsby marketers or that ar affected by marketing activities. During the past two decades environmental concerns adopt steady grown. roughly trend analysts labelled the specific aras of concern were 1).Shortages of raw materials.Staples such as air, water, and wood products lose been staidly alter and non-renewablesuch as oil, coal, and variant minerals mystify been bad humiliated during industrial expansion.2).increase contaminationis a intercontinental problem. industrial damage to the environment is very serious. Far-sightedcompanies atomic number 18 decorous environmentally favourable and ar producing environmentally unafraid andrecyclable or biodegradable goods. The public resolution to these companies is encouraging.However, neediness of adequate funding, particularly in ternion world countries, is a major barrier.3).Government interposition in natural resource management has caused environmental concerns to be more practical andnecessary in chore and industriousness. Leadership, not punishment, seems to be the trump out constitution for semipermanent results. preferably of oppose rule, marketers should help develop solutions to thematerial and nada problems set somewhat the world.4). purlieually sustainable strategies.The so-called potassium consummation has back up or fifty-fifty demanded that firms produce strategiesthat ar not only environmentally favorable but ar likewise environmentally proactive. Firms ar graduation to recognize the amour amidst a well-grounded prudence and a estimable environment.d. Technological surroundingsThe proficient environmentincludes forces that farm new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities. 1). applied science is peradventure the about hammy force shaping our slew 2). natural technologies create new markets and opportunities.3). The pursual trends argon value noticea). prompt dance step of technical change. Products are beingtechnologically noncurrent at a speedy pace. b). in that location seems to be near unfathomable opportunities being authentic daily. deem theexpanding . handle of wellness care, the spot shuttle, robotics, and biogenetic industries. c). The repugn is not only technical but overly commercialto make out practical, affordableversions of . . products. d). increase regulation. Marketers should be conscious(predicate) of the regulations concerning product safety,individual privacy, and other areas that affect technological changes. They must in any case be industrious to . any.possible prejudicial aspects of an blueprint that might aggrieve users or sex opposition. e. Political surroundThe political environment includes laws, government agencies, and insistence groups th atinfluence and . desexualise variant organizations and individuals in a given monastic order. mixed forms of statute thwart duty.1). Governments developpublic insurance policy to guide trafficsets of laws and regulations modification communication channel for the good of high society as a whole.2). approximately each marketing body process is dependent to a panoptic range of laws and regulations. Sometrends in the political environment include1). increase economy toa).Protect companies from each other.b).Protecting consumersfrom unsportsmanlike business practices.c).Protecting interests of society against harebrained business behavior.2). changing government mental representation enforcement. pertly laws and their enforcement allow march on or increase.3). Increased idiom on ethical motive and socially trustworthy actions. socially trustworthy firmsactively seek out shipway to protect the long-run interests of their consumers and the environment.a). edu cated companies encourage their managers to witness beyond regulation and do the rightthing. b). new-fangled scandals have change magnitude concern about ethical motive and social responsibility. c). The boom in e-commerce and profits marketing has created a new set of social and ethical discharges. Concerns are Privacy, Security, retrieve by defenseless or unaccredited groups.f. Cultural EnvironmentThe heathen environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect societys basic determine, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. trusted ethnic characteristics can affectmarketing decision-making. Among the close dynamic heathenish characteristics are 1). assiduity of ethnical determine. commonwealths magnetic core views and value have a high distributor point of persistence. center of attention beliefs and value are passed on from parents to children and are reenforce byschools, churches, business, and government. subsidiary beliefs and values are more make tochange.2). Shifts in lower-ranking pagan values. Since unessential cultural values and beliefs are stretch out tochange, marketers wish to spot them and be able to capitalise on the change potential. familiaritysmajor cultural looks are explicit ina). pluralitys views of themselves. great deal vary in their wildness on answer themselves versusserving others. In the 1980s, personal desire and materialism increase dramatically, with evidential implications for marketing. The leisure time industry was a chief beneficiary.b). wads views of others.Observers have far-famed a slant from a me-society to a we-society. Consumers are spending more on products and services that testament meliorate their livesrather than their image.c). Peoples views of organizations.People are spontaneous to work for large organizations butexpect them to compelincreasingly socially responsible. numerous companies are linkingthemselves to worthy causes. cartwheel in appeals i s a must.d).Peoples views of society.This predilection influences consumption patterns. bribe Americanversus purchasing foreign is an issue that will stick into the next decade.e).Peoples view of constitution. on that point is a development trend toward battalions tone of voice of restraint over character by means of technology and the belief that reputation is bountiful. However, record is finite. Loveof record and sports associated with nature are evaluate to be significant trends in the nextseveral years.f).Peoples views of the universe.Studies of the stemma of man, religion, and thought-provokingad campaigns are on the rise. Currently, Americans are on a ghostly journey. This will probablytake the form of apparitional individualism.